LED on powered unit does not shine

Please check the power supply voltage and Watts and please count with losses on the wires (long wires or low quality Eth cable can consume significant power).
Each unit has to be powered by adequate power supply with voltage in the proper range (as stated in datasheet or in Chapter 9, Technical parameters or on Product label on each unit housing). Power supply has to be able to deliver enough power (Ampers and Watts) for the unit.
The voltage level is checked before system boot. If the voltage is below 21 V, the unit LED does not shine at all and no boot is performed.
For units with minimum input voltage 37 V (like RAy3-18 or RAy3-80) may happen that unit shines red for first 15 seconds after powering and then LED gets dark. It means input voltage is in the range 21-37 V. (Note: management interface indicates that as well.)

LED on powered unit shines other colors than just green

The unit operating the wireless link OK should shine just green. The only exception is during the unit boot (when LED is red) and during establishing the wireless link with the unit on the other end (when LED blinks green).
For a resolution of the system status and the reason of the different LED colors (including any kind of red blinking) see Section 1.5, “Status LED ( S )”.

Polarization incorrect

Units RAy3-17 and RAy3-24 must be mounted with opposite polarization; one with TX horizontal polarization (horizontal arrow) and the second with TX vertical polarization (vertical arrow). See Cross polarization for more info.
Install the unit with the correct horizontal or vertical polarization: The arrow mark indicates the unit TX polarization. When the arrows heading perpendicular to the earth, the unit transmits a signal in vertical polarization. When the arrow is heading parallel to the earth, the unit transmits a signal in horizontal polarization. The connectors must point downward at an angle.

The link cannot be established

Double check the correct polarization (see above) of both units on the link.
Double check the correct compatibility settings for both units on the link. For more info see Section 5.6.1.4, “Radio adaptation” and Troubleshooting topic Setting up a link between RAy3-24S and other hardware variant of RAy3-24 (see below in this chapter).
Start with the most “resilient” configuration. This configuration depends on the variant of unit. We recommend using the maximum available output power, the narrowest available bandwidth (e.g. 3.5 or 5 MHz, respectively 250 MHz in the case of 80 GHz unit), the lowest modulation level (QPSK_S respectively 2PSK_BW/4_S in the case of 80 GHz unit ensured by setting both parameters ‘ACM/ACMB max TX modulation” and ‘ACM/ACMB min TX modulation’ to such value on both units). TX and RX channels must be the same as the RX and TX channels in the remote unit. When the connection has been established and the antennas have been directed, proceed with operation parameters.

RSS and Antenna alignment

To configure the link and monitor its state, several menus display the RSS signal strength (most interactive are pages Live Data > Bar indicators or Antenna Alignment Tool). Additionally RSS can be monitored by a voltmeter connected to RSS voltage contacts or by RACOM smartphone application RAyTools on a mobile phone connected to RAy WiFi.

	Note
	Please keep in mind, that RAy is not a measuring instrument, hence the precision of the RSS reading is limited. Though, in most situations the RSS reading accuracy is better than ± 2dB, the absolute RSS value should not be used for accurate comparisons e.g. between two links.

Ethernet Buffers are small

To optimize the total buffer size of RAy radio (by optimizing a cooperation between Ethernet switch buffer and a buffer inside modem chip) it is required to set ‘Flow Control receive’ for port ‘Air (p9)’ (in menu Switch settings > Interface > Port) on both units to be ‘on’. With latest FW versions this parameter cannot be edited in web interface (CLI still allows that), so the change to the proper state can be achieved in web interface only by applying unit defaults (followed by manual settings of other parameters in this page, if needed). See Chapter 6, Command Line Interface.

Note

Correct Flow Control setting typically increases operational speed of the link for mixed traffic, where bigger capacity of buffers helps to optimize the link performance. Additional link performance and better utilization of all available buffers in transmitting network could be typically achieved by configuring Flow Control also between each MW unit and the nearest switch feeding the link by data. For more info see Port setup in Section 5.5.2, “Interface”.

Ethernet throughput far below published RFC2544 numbers

In the case when Ethernet throughput of the link is far below expectations based on published Ethernet speeds measured according RFC2544, one of the reasons may be wrong settings for a cooperation between Ethernet buffers insideRAy unit and between RAy unit (Ethernet switch inside the unit) and outside network (Ethernet switches and routers RAy is connected to).
To ensure buffers inside RAy unit are cooperating optimally please double-check ‘Flow Control Receive’ parameter for port ‘Air (p9)’ (in menu Switch settings > Interface > Port) – it should be ‘on’ for both units. (Units produced with initial FW 1.0.16.0 and later solve that automatically, so there is no need to manually set the parameter).

Access to the Local unit is blocked

Access to the Local unit may be accidentally blocked, for instance by disabling HTTPS access. If you can access the Remote unit over HTTPS, type its address in your web browser’s address field. The link will transfer the packet over the Local unit with blocked service access all the way to the Remote unit, which will give you access to the control menus of both units. Warning, the Remote unit will report as Local.

Distinguishing Local-Remote

A unit accessed via service access always reports as Local. If you connect through another (peer) unit and radio channel, a certain amount of caution is necessary. For example, do not reduce the transmission power so that the link interrupts accidentally. Errors of this type should be fixed by the rollback function within approx. 1 minute.
Resolution can be done by comparing the length of ping on Local and Remote. Pinging the unit behind the radio channel is slower. The difference is more pronounced in the case of a long packet and the low speed of the radio channel.

Access security

For better protection against unauthorised access to configuration you should only allow as few kinds of access as possible. The most secure type is SSH with key – leave only SSH active with “only key” choice.

Problem with HTTPS certificate

First login into the unit management typically requires to accept web browser warning about self-signed HTTPS certificate. The issue may occur if a list of trusted HTTPS certificates stored by your web browser already contains a record for a network element with identical IP address or network name as the current unit management interface. In this case, the trusted HTTPS certificates for the particular network element in your web browser needs to be manually erased. After that self-signed certificate of the unit can be accepted.
Fast workaround: Try to use a different web browser or use HTTP connection instead (should be no issue in private network).

Overexcited receiver

A natural property of each radio receiver is to compress the signal in one of the functional blocks, when the signal level gets out of the AGC (automatic gain control) dynamic range. The result of this effect is non-linear distortion of the received signal which is observed as decrease in the signal to noise ratio, i.e. in case of digital modulations increase of the Mean Square Error (MSE).
Limit for guaranteed functionality of RAy3 radio receiver is -15 dBm (measured on the waveguide input). This limit applies for all channel bandwidths and all modulations.
Beyond this limit the distortion of linearity appears and signal quality is depreciated. In extreme cases, this can lead to the disintegration of the radio link due to reduced signal to noise ratio (as a result of signal distortion).

ACM or ACMB does not respect parameter ‘ACM/ACMB min TX modulation’

This parameter requires an identical value on both sides of the link. On the established link this is ensured by FW, but for not linked (standalone) units such an equation has to be set manually before linking, otherwise the link may be not established or if established, the value set at parameters ‘ACM/ACMB min TX modulation’ is not respected.
The solution is to manually reconfigure parameter ‘ACM/ACMB min TX modulation’ at least on one end of a link to the value identical with the other end.

Setting up a link between RAy3-24S and other hardware variant of RAy3-24

Sometime it is necessary to set up a link from a legacy unit RAy3-24S and some newly deployed hardware variant of RAy3-24 unit (like RAy3-24X) – for example after exchange of failed unit on one end of the link (for an explanation of hardware variants ’24S’, ’24X’, ’24E’ and other see Section 1.7, “Ordering codes”).
Then it is necessary to configure newly deployed unit to behave like unit variant ‘S’ (legacy model). To achieve that the parameter ‘Unit 24S compatibility’ (in menu Tools > Maintenance > Radio adaptation) has to be set to ‘active’.

Note

Wrong setting of compatibility causes the link is not established (both units remain in status ‘Connecting’). Unit with FW version 1.0.14.0 with activated ‘Unit S mode’ (identical with ‘Unit 24S compatibility’ in later FW versions) requires to manually set RX FlowControl for port ‘Air (p9)’ (in menu Switch settings / Interface / Port) to the value ‘auto’. On FW version 1.0.16.0 it is recommended to set this parameter to ‘on’. In later FW versions it is enough to manually apply default values of FlowControl parameters.

RAyTools smartphone disconnects from RAy unit

Most smartphones and tablets (on both platforms, i.e. Android + iOS) require by default WiFi with Internet access. If it is not avilable (like at WiFi on RAy unit), they automatically disconects from such WiFi and start to search for alternative WiFi network with Internet (even if user accepts the WiFi network mesage “No Internet access” during connecting to RAy). This automatic behavior has to be switched off in smartphone or tablet management (typically this feature is “ON” as a default).